I-Chloroform Ibanga le-Chloroform elinobumsulwa obuphezulu
Izakhiwo
Uketshezi olungenamibala nasobala. Ine-refraction eqinile. Inephunga elikhethekile. Inambitha okumnandi. Akushisi kalula. Lapho kuvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga noma ku-oxidised emoyeni, kancane kancane kuyaphuka futhi kukhiqize i-phosgene (Carbyl Chloride). Ngakho-ke, i-1% ethanol ivame ukungezwa njenge-stabilizer. Kungaba ukungazi kahle ne-ethanol, ether, uBenzene, uPetroleum Ether, i-carbon tetrachloride, ukukhubazeka kwekhabhoni kanye namafutha. I-IML iyancibilika kumanzi angama-200ml (25 ℃). Ngokuvamile ngeke kushise, kepha ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside ukuvulwa ilangabi elivulekile kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kusengashisa. Emanzini amaningi, ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kuzovela ukubola, ukwakheka kobuthi obunobuthi obunobuthi kakhulu nokwenziwa kahle kwe-phosgene ne-hydrogen chloride. Izisekelo eziqinile ezinjenge-ly ne-potassium hydroxide zingabhidliza i-chloroform kuma-chlorates futhi kwakha. Esenzweni se-alkali namanzi aqinile, kungakha iziqhumane. Ukutholwa okushisa okuphezulu ngamanzi, ukuwohloka, ukugqwala kwensimbi nezinye izinsimbi, ukugqwala kwamapulasitiki kanye nerabha.
Enza ngendlela ethile
I-Trichlororomethane yezimboni yagezwa ngamanzi ukususa i-ethanol, i-Aldehyde ne-hydrogen chloride, bese igezwa nge-sulfuric acid e-sulfuric acid kanye nesixazululo se-sodium hydroxide solution. Amanzi ahlolwe ukuba abe alkali futhi agezwa kabili. Ngemuva kokomiswa nge-anhydrous calcium chloride, i-distillation, ukuthola i-trichloromethane emsulwa.
Ukubeka
I-Chloroform ikhemikhali ye-organic evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-solvent kanye ne-mediach medium. Kuyinto eguquguqukayo kakhulu, evuthayo futhi iqhuma. Ngakho-ke, phawula okulandelayo lapho ugcina:
1. Imvelo Yesitoreji: I-Chloroform kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi enomoya, kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nokushisa okuphezulu. Indawo yokugcina impahla kufanele ibe kude nomlilo, ukushisa kanye ne-oxidant, izikhungo zobufakazi.
2. Ukupakishwa: I-Chloroform kufanele igcinwe esitsheni sezindiza sekhwalithi ezinzile, njengamabhodlela engilazi, amabhodlela epulasitiki noma izigubhu zensimbi. Ubuqotho kanye nokuqina kweziqukathi kufanele kuhlolwe njalo. Iziqukathi ze-Chloroform kufanele zihlukaniswe ne-nitric acid kanye ne-alkaline izinto ukuvikela ukusabela.
3. Vimbela ukudideka: I-Chloroform akufanele ihlanganiswe ne-oxidant eqinile, enamandla, isisekelo esinamandla nezinye izinto ukugwema ukusabela okuyingozi. Esezinhlelweni zokugcina, ukulayisha, ukulayisha nokusebenzisa, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ukuvikela ukushayisana, ukungqubuzana nokudlidliza, ukugwema ukuvuza kanye nezingozi.
4. Vimbela ugesi we-tuli: ngesikhathi sesitoreji, ukulayisha, ukulayisha nokusetshenziswa kwe-chloroform, ukuvikela ugesi we-tuli. Kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele, njengokuthatha izisekelo, ukuhlanganisa, imishini yama-antistatic, njll.
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Sebenzisa
Ukunqunywa kukaCobalt, Manganese, i-Iridium, iodine, i-ejenti yokukhishwa kwe-phosphorus. Ukunqunywa kwe-Inorganic phosphorus, ingilazi ye-organic, amafutha, i-resin yenjoloba, i-alkalo, i-wax, phosphorus, iodine solvent ku-serum.
