I-chloroform yezinga lezimboni ze-Chloroform enokuhlanzeka okuphezulu
Izakhiwo
Uketshezi olungenambala nolusobala. Lunamandla okugqama. Lunephunga elikhethekile. Lunambitheka kamnandi. Alushi kalula. Uma luvezwa elangeni noma lufakwe emoyeni, luyaphuka kancane kancane bese lukhiqiza i-phosgene (i-carbyl chloride). Ngakho-ke, i-ethanol engu-1% ivame ukungezwa njengesiqinisi. Lungaxutshwa ne-ethanol, i-ether, i-benzene, i-petroleum ether, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-carbon disulfide kanye namafutha. I-ImL iyancibilika emanzini angaba ngu-200mL (25℃). Ngokuvamile ngeke ishise, kodwa ukuvezwa isikhathi eside elangeni elivulekile kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kungasha. Emanzini amaningi, ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuzobola, ukwakheka kwe-phosgene enobuthi kakhulu ne-corrosive kanye ne-hydrogen chloride. Izisekelo eziqinile njenge-lye kanye ne-potassium hydroxide zingaphula i-chloroform zibe ama-chlorate nama-formates. Esenzweni se-alkali enamandla namanzi, ingakha iziqhumane. Ukuthintana namanzi okushisa okuphezulu, ukugqwala, ukugqwala kwensimbi nezinye izinsimbi, ukugqwala kwamapulasitiki kanye nerabha.
Inqubo
I-trichloromethane yezimboni yagezwa ngamanzi ukuze kususwe i-ethanol, i-aldehyde kanye ne-hydrogen chloride, yabe isigezwa nge-sulfuric acid egxilile kanye nesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ngokulandelana. Amanzi ahlolwe ukuthi a-alkaline futhi agezwa kabili. Ngemva kokomiswa nge-calcium chloride engamanzi, kusetshenziswe i-distillation, ukuze kutholakale i-trichloromethane emsulwa.
Isitoreji
I-Chloroform iyikhemikhali yemvelo evame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokunyibilikisa kanye neyokusabela. Iyashintshashintsha kakhulu, iyasha futhi iyaqhuma. Ngakho-ke, qaphela okulandelayo lapho uyigcina:
1. Indawo yokugcina: I-Chloroform kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi enomoya omuhle, kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kanye nokushisa okuphezulu. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ibe kude nomlilo, ukushisa kanye nezindawo ezivikela ukuqhuma.
2. Ukupakisha: I-Chloroform kufanele igcinwe esitsheni esingangeni moya sekhwalithi eqinile, njengamabhodlela engilazi, amabhodlela epulasitiki noma amadramu ensimbi. Ubuqotho nokuqina kwezitsha kufanele kuhlolwe njalo. Izitsha ze-Chloroform kufanele zihlukaniswe ne-nitric acid kanye nezinto ze-alkaline ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabela.
3. Vimbela ukudideka: i-chloroform akufanele ixutshwe ne-oxidant enamandla, i-asidi enamandla, isisekelo esinamandla nezinye izinto ukuze kugwenywe ukusabela okuyingozi. Enqubweni yokugcina, yokulayisha, yokukhulula nokusetshenziswa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvimbela ukungqubuzana, ukungqubuzana nokudlidliza, ukuze kugwenywe ukuvuza kanye nezingozi.
4. Vimbela ugesi ongaguquki: Ngesikhathi sokugcina, ukulayisha, ukukhulula kanye nokusebenzisa i-chloroform, vimbela ugesi ongaguquki. Kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele, njengokufaka isisekelo, ukumboza, imishini yokulwa nogesi ongaguquki, njll.
5. Ukuhlonza ilebula: Isitsha se-chloroform kufanele siphawulwe ngamalebula acacile kanye nokuhlonza, okubonisa usuku lokugcina, igama, ukuhlushwa, ubuningi kanye nolunye ulwazi, ukuze kube lula ukuphathwa kanye nokuhlonza.
Ukusetshenziswa
Ukunqunywa kwe-cobalt, i-manganese, i-iridium, i-iodine, i-ejenti yokukhipha i-phosphorus. Ukunqunywa kwe-phosphorus engaphili, ingilazi ephilayo, amafutha, i-raber resin, i-alkaloid, i-wax, i-phosphorus, i-iodine solvent ku-serum.
