I-Chloroform yezinga lezimboni ze-chloroform enobumsulwa obukhulu
Izakhiwo
Uketshezi olungenambala futhi olusobala. Ine-refraction enamandla. Inephunga elikhethekile. Inambitheka kamnandi. Ayishi kalula. Uma ichayeke elangeni noma ifakwe i-oxidized emoyeni, iyaphuka kancane kancane bese ikhiqiza i-phosgene (carbyl chloride). Ngakho-ke, i-ethanol engu-1% ivame ukungezwa njengesiqinisi. Ingaxubana ne-ethanol, i-ether, i-benzene, i-petroleum ether, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-carbon disulfide namafutha. I-ImL incibilika emanzini angaba ngu-200mL (25℃). Ngokuvamile ngeke kushise, kodwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside elangabini elivulekile kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kusengavutha. Emanzini eqile, ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuzokwenzeka ukubola, ukwakheka phosgene enobuthi kakhulu futhi corrosive kanye hydrogen chloride. Izisekelo eziqinile njenge-lye ne-potassium hydroxide zingakwazi ukwephula i-chloroform ibe ama-chlorothi namafomethi. Esenzweni se-alkali enamandla namanzi, ingakha iziqhumane. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuxhumana namanzi, ukugqwala, ukugqwala kwensimbi nezinye izinsimbi, ukugqwala kwamapulasitiki nenjoloba.
Inqubo
I-trichloromethane yezimboni yayigezwa ngamanzi ukuze ikhiphe i-ethanol, i-aldehyde ne-hydrogen chloride, bese igezwa nge-concentrated sulfuric acid ne-sodium hydroxide solution ngokushintshana. Amanzi ahlolwe ukuthi ane-alkaline futhi agezwa kabili. Ngemuva kokumiswa nge-anhydrous calcium chloride, i-distillation, ukuthola i-trichloromethane ehlanzekile.
Isitoreji
I-Chloroform iyikhemikhali ephilayo evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-solvent kanye ne-reaction medium. Iyaguquguquka kakhulu, iyavutha futhi iyaqhuma. Ngakho-ke, qaphela okulandelayo lapho uyigcina:
1. Indawo yokugcina izinto: I-chloroform kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi enomoya omuhle, kude nelanga eliqondile kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ibe kude nomlilo, ukushisa kanye ne-oxidant, izinsiza ezingaqhumi.
2. Ukupakisha: I-Chloroform kufanele igcinwe esitsheni esingangeni moya sekhwalithi ezinzile, njengamabhodlela engilazi, amabhodlela epulasitiki noma izigubhu zensimbi. Ubuqotho nokuqina kweziqukathi kufanele kuhlolwe njalo. Iziqukathi ze-Chloroform kufanele zihlukaniswe ne-nitric acid ne-alkaline ukuvimbela ukusabela.
3. Vimbela ukudideka: i-chloroform akufanele ihlanganiswe ne-oxidant enamandla, i-asidi eqinile, isisekelo esiqinile nezinye izinto ukuze kugwenywe ukusabela okuyingozi. Enqubweni yokugcina, ukulayisha, ukuthulula kanye nokusetshenziswa, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ukuvimbela ukungqubuzana, ukungqubuzana nokudlidliza, ukugwema ukuvuza nezingozi.
4. Vimbela ugesi omile: Ngesikhathi sokugcina, ukulayisha, ukuthulula nokusebenzisa i-chloroform, vimbela ugesi omile. Izinyathelo ezifanele kufanele zithathwe, njengokumisa phansi, ukumboza, okokusebenza kwe-antistatic, njll.
5. Ukuhlonzwa kwelebula: Isiqukathi se-chloroform kufanele simakwe ngamalebula acacile kanye nenkomba, ebonisa usuku lokugcina, igama, ukugxilisa ingqondo, ubuningi nolunye ulwazi, ukuze kube lula ukuphatha nokuhlonza.
Isebenzisa
Ukunqunywa kwe-cobalt, i-manganese, i-iridium, i-iodine, i-ejenti yokukhipha i-phosphorus. Ukunqunywa kwe-phosphorus ye-inorganic, ingilazi ephilayo, amafutha, i-rubber resin, i-alkaloid, i-wax, i-phosphorus, i-solvent ye-iodine ku-serum.
