I-Phenol (C6H5OH) iyikristalu engenambala efana nenaliti enephunga elihlukile. Isebenza njengento ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-resin athile, ama-bactericides, izilondolozi, kanye nemithi (njenge-aspirin). Ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuhlanzeni amathuluzi okuhlinza, ekwelapheni indle, ekuhlanzeni isikhumba, ekunciphiseni ukulunywa, kanye nokwelapha i-otitis media. I-Phenol inezinga lokuncibilika elingu-43°C futhi incibilika kancane emanzini ekushiseni kwegumbi kodwa incibilika kalula ezinyibilikisweni eziphilayo. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula u-65°C, lixubana namanzi nganoma iyiphi indlela. I-Phenol iyagqwala futhi ibangela ukubola kwamaprotheni endawo lapho ithintana. Izixazululo ze-phenol ezithinta isikhumba zingagezwa ngotshwala. Ingxenye encane ye-phenol evezwe emoyeni i-oxidize ibe yi-quinone, ibe pinki. Iphenduka ibe nsomi uma ivezwa kuma-ion e-ferric, okuyisici esivame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlola i-phenol.
Umlando Wokutholwa
I-Phenol yatholakala ethangini lamalahle ngo-1834 yisazi semithi saseJalimane uFriedlieb Ferdinand Runge, ngakho-ke yaziwa nangokuthi i-carbolic acid. I-Phenol yaqala ukuqashelwa kabanzi ngenxa kadokotela odumile waseBrithani uJoseph Lister. ULister waphawula ukuthi ukufa okuningi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwakubangelwa ukutheleleka kwamanxeba nokwakheka kobomvu. Ngengozi, wasebenzisa isisombululo se-phenol esincibilikisiwe ukufutha amathuluzi okuhlinzwa nezandla zakhe, okwanciphisa kakhulu ukutheleleka kweziguli. Lokhu kutholwa kwasungula i-phenol njengesibulala-magciwane esinamandla sokuhlinzwa, okwenza uLister waqanjwa ngokuthi “uBaba Wokuhlinzwa Okulwa Nokubulala Amagciwane.”
Izakhiwo Zamakhemikhali
I-Phenol ingamunca umswakama emoyeni bese incibilika. Inephunga elihlukile, futhi izixazululo ezincibilikisa kakhulu zinambitheka kamnandi. Ingcolisa kakhulu futhi isabela ngamakhemikhali. Isabela nama-aldehydes nama-ketones ukuze yakhe ama-phenolic resins kanye ne-bisphenol A, kanye ne-acetic anhydride noma i-salicylic acid ukuze ikhiqize i-phenyl acetate kanye nama-salicylate esters. Ingaphinde ibhekane ne-halogenation, i-hydrogenation, i-oxidation, i-alkylation, i-carboxylation, i-esterification, kanye ne-etherification reactions.
Emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile, i-phenol iqinile futhi ayisabelani kalula ne-sodium. Uma i-phenol ishiswa ukuze incibilike ngaphambi kokufaka i-sodium kokuhlolwa, iyancipha kalula, futhi umbala wayo uyashintsha lapho ishiswa, okuthinta umphumela wokuhlolwa. Ekufundiseni, indlela ehlukile iye yamukelwa ukuze kufezwe imiphumela yokuhlolwa eyanelisayo kalula nangendlela ephumelelayo. Ethubhini lokuhlola, kufakwe i-2-3 mL ye-ether engamanzi, kulandelwe ucezu lwensimbi ye-sodium olulingana ne-pea. Ngemva kokususa i-parafini engaphezulu ngephepha lokuhlunga, i-sodium ifakwa ku-ether, lapho ingasabela khona. Ukwengeza inani elincane le-phenol nokushukumisa ithubhu kuvumela i-sodium ukuthi isabele ngokushesha, ikhiqize inani elikhulu legesi. Isimiso ngemuva kwalolu vivinyo ukuthi i-phenol iyancibilika ku-ether, ilula ukusabela kwayo ne-sodium.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-20-2026